Manual

ICONV/OCONV PATTERNS

Decimal (MD/MC)

input	conversion (string)	output
1234	MD2	12.34
1234	MD20	1234.00
1234	MD20,	1,234.00
1234.5678	MD2	12.35
1234.5678	MD20	1234.57
1234.5678	MD20,	1,234.57
1234	MC2	12,34
1234	MC20	1234,00
1234	MC20,	1.234,00
1234	MD20-	1234.00

Date (D)

input	conversion (string)	output
12345	D	18 OCT 2001
12345	D/	10/18/2001
12345	D-	10-18-2001
12345	D2	18 OCT 01
12345	D/E	18/10/2001
12345	DS	2001 OCT 18
12345	DS/	2001/10/18
12345	DM	10
12345	DMA	OCTOBER
12345	DY	2001
12345	DY2	01
12345	DD	18
12345	DW	4
12345	DWA	THURSDAY
12345	DQ	4
12345	DJ	291
12345	DL	31

Time (MT)

input	conversion (string)	output
234800	MT	17:13
234800	MTH	05:13PM
234800	MTS	17:13:20
234800	MTHS	05:13:20PM
0	MT	00:00
0	MTH	12:00AM
0	MTS	00:00:00
0	MTHS	12:00:00AM

Hex (HEX/MX)

input	conversion (string)	output
ab	HEX	(same as HEX8 or HEX4 depending on platform)
ab	HEX8	0000006100000062
ab	HEX4	00610062
ab	HEX2	6162
15	MX	F
254	MX	FE
255	MX	FF
256	MX	100
27354234	MX	1A1647A

Text (L/R/T)

input	conversion	(string)output
abcd	L#3	abc
ab	L#3	ab␣
abcd	R#3	bcd
ab	R#3	␣ab
ab	T#3	ab␣
abcd	T#3	abc™d␣␣
42	L(0)#5	42000
42	R(0)#5	00042
42	T(0)#5	42000

Dictionaries

Exodus dictionaries enable classic multivalue database data definition. Dictionaries are just normal Exodus multivalue files that contain one record for each data column definition. You can use Exodus's edir program to manually edit dictionaries.

Dictionary file names must start with the word "dict.". For example, if you have a "books" file, then you will probably have a "dict.books" file.

You can list the contents of a dictionary by typing "list dict.filename".

Exodus Dictionary Format

0	DICTID	Field/Column Code
1	DICTTYPE	"F" or "S" : "F" means use Field No (i.e. raw data) and "S" means use Source Code (i.e. a function).
2	FIELDNO	Field number (0=key, 1=field 1 etc for "Fields"
3	TITLE	Title on reports
4	SM	S or M or Mnn : "Single Value" or "Multivalue" or "Multivalue Group nn"
5	KEYPARTNO	Multipart keys are separated by * characters.
6
7	CONVERSION	Conversion (MD/MT/D etc.)
8	SOURCE	Source Code of a subroutine to calculate the field. Multivalues are lines and the result must be placed in a variable "ANS".
9	JUST	"L" or "R" or "T" requesting left, right or text justification
10	WIDTH	Column Width on fixed width reports

Sort/Select Command

Exodus provides the classic multivalue sort/select command within any Exodus program followed by readnext().

Classic multivalue select/readnext functions only provide the keys of the selected records. Exodus provides the classic select/readnext and also selectrecords/readnextrecord which provides complete records instead of just keys.

The format of the select/sselect command is as follows:

 SELECT|SSELECT

 {max_number_of_records}

 {using filename}

 filename

 {datakeyvalue} ...

 {BY|BY-DSND fieldname} ...
 
 {

  WITH

  {NO|ALL|ANY}

  dict_field_id

  {
   CONTAINING|STARTING|ENDING|LIKE|EQ|NE|NOT|GT|LT|GE|LE=|<>|>|<|>=|<= value(s)
   |
   BETWEEN value AND value
  }

  {AND|OR}

 } ...

Function Types

TYPE	FUNCTION TYPE
var=	traditional functions that return values and can be used in expressions and be on the right hand side of assignments
if	traditional conditional statements that started with "if" or ended with "then/else" (or could have)
cmd	traditional commands with no outputs
expr	traditional commands that now have outputs and can be used in expressions

Parameters/Argument Types

in	Parameters that provide data to the function. Can be variables or raw data like 1 or "X"
unspecified	Same as "in". Omission of the most common type de-clutters the documentation. NB When defining your own subroutines and functions "in" cannot be omitted from the source code.
io	Parameters that may provide and/or return data. Must be variables. Cannot be raw data like 1 or "X"
out	Parameters that return data. Must be variables. Cannot be raw data like 1 or "X"

Optional Parameters

Key	Default
=""	""
=" "	" "
="."	"."
=1	1
=0	0
=true	true
=false	false

Complete List of Functions

Math/Boolean

Usage	Function	Comment
var=	var.abs()	Absolute value var(-12.34).abs(); // 12.34
var=	var.pwr(exponent)	Power var(2).pwr(8); // 256
var=	var.rnd()	Random number generator var(100).rnd(); // 0 to 99 pseudo random
cmd	var.initrnd()	Initialise Random seed var(123).initrnd(); // Set pseudo random seed to 123
var=	var.exp()	Power of e var(1).exp(); // 2.718281828459045
var=	var.sqrt()	Square root var(100).sqrt(); // 10
var=	var.sin()	Sine of degrees var(30).sin(); // 0.5
var=	var.cos()	Cosine of degrees var(60).cos(); // 0.5
var=	var.tan()	Tangent of degrees var(45).tan(); // 1
var=	var.atan()	Arctangent of degrees var(1).atan(); // 45
var=	var.loge()	Natural logarithm var(2.718281828459045).loge(); // 1
var=	var.integer()	Truncate decimal numbers towards zero. var(2.9).integer(); // 2 var(-2.9).integer(); // -2
var=	var.floor()	Truncate decimal numbers towards negative var(2.9).floor(); // 2 var(-2.9).floor(); // -3
var=	var.round(ndecimals = 0)	Round decimal numbers to a desired number of decimal places .5 rounds away from zero. var(23.455).round(2); // "23.46" var(-23.455).round(2); // "-23.46"
var=	var.mod(divisor)	Remainder function Result is between [0 , limit) if limit is positive Result is between (limit, 0] if limit is negative var(7).mod(5); // 2 mod(7, 5); // ditto

Locale

Usage	Function	Comment
expr	var.getxlocale()	Gets the current thread's default locale codepage code var().getxlocale(); // e.g. "en_US.utf8" getxlocale(); // ditto
if	var.setxlocale()	Sets the current thread's default locale codepage code "de_DE.utf8"_var.setxlocale(); // true if successful setxlocale("de_DE.utf8"); // ditto

String Creation

Usage	Function	Comment
var=	var.chr(num)	Create a string of a single char (byte) given an integer 0-255. 0-127 -> ASCII, 128-255 -> invalid UTF-8 so cannot be written to database or used various exodus string operations var().chr(0x61); // "a" chr(0x61); // ditto
var=	var.textchr(num)	Create a string of a single unicode code point in utf8 encoding. To get utf codepoints > 2^63 you must provide negative ints Not providing implicit constructor from var to unsigned int due to getting ambigious conversions since int and unsigned int are parallel priority in c++ implicit conversions var().textchr(171416); // "𩶘" or "\xF0A9B698" textchr(171416); // ditto
var=	var.str(num)	Create a string by repeating a given character or string "ab"_var.str(3); // "ababab" str("ab"_var, 3); // ditto
var=	var.space()	Create string of space characters. var(3).space(); // "␣␣␣" space(3); // ditto
var=	var.numberinwords(languagename_or_locale_id = "")	Create a string describing a given number in words var(123.45).numberinwords("de_DE").outputl(); //"ein­hundert­drei­und­zwanzig Komma vier fünf"

String Scanning

Usage	Function	Comment
var=	var.seq()	Returns the character number of the first char. "abc"_var.seq(); // 0x61 97 seq("abc"_var); // 0x61 97
var=	var.textseq()	Returns the Unicode character number of the first unicode code point. "Γ"_var.textseq(); // 915 U+0393: Greek Capital Letter Gamma (Unicode Character) textseq("Γ"); // ditto
var=	var.len()	Returns the length of a string in number of chars "abc"_var.len(); // 3 len("abc"_var); // ditto
var=	var.textwidth()	Returns the number of output columns. Allows multi column unicode and reduces combining characters etc. like e followed by grave accent Possibly does not properly calculate combining sequences of graphemes e.g. face followed by colour "🤡x🤡"_var.textwidth(); // 5 textwidth("🤡x🤡"_var); // ditto
var=	var.textlen()	Returns the number of Unicode code points "Γιάννης"_var.textlen(); // 7 textlen("Γιάννης"_var); // ditto
var=	var.fcount(sepstr)	Returns the number of fields separated by sepstr present. It is the same as var.count(sepstr) + 1 except that and empty string returns 0 "a1**c3"_var.fcount("*"); // 3 fcount("a1**c3"_var, "*"); // ditto
var=	var.count(sepstr)	Return the number of sepstr found "a1*b2*c3"_var.count("*"); // 3 count("a1*b2*c3"_var, "*"); // ditto
if	var.starts(prefix)	Returns true if starts with prefix "abc"_var.starts("ab"); // true
if	var.ends(suffix)	Returns true if ends with suffix "abc"_var.ends("bc"); // true
if	var.contains(substr)	Return true if starts, ends or contains substr "abcd"_var.contains("bc"); // true
var=	var.index(substr, startchar1 = 1)	Returns char no if found or 0 if not. startchar1 is byte no to start at. "abcd"_var.index("bc"); // 2
var=	var.indexn(substr, occurrence)	ditto. Occurrence 1 = find first occurrence "abcabc"_var.index("bc", 2); // 5
var=	var.indexr(substr, startchar1 = -1)	ditto. Reverse search. startchar1 defaults to -1 meaning start searching from the last byte "abcabc"_var.indexr("bc"); // 5
var=	var.match(regex, regex_options = "")	Returns all results of regex matching Multiple matches are in fields Groups are in values "abc1abc2"_var.match("bc(\\d)"_rex); // "bc1]1^bc2]2"
var=	var.match(regex)	Ditto
var=	var.search(regex, io startchar1, regex_options = "")	Search for first match of a regular expression starting at startchar1 Updates startchar1 ready to search for the next match var startchar1 = 1; "abc1abc2"_var.search("bc(\\d)", startchar1); // returns "bc1]1" // startchar1 becomes 5 ready for the next search
var=	var.search(regex)	Ditto starting from first char
var=	var.search(regex, io startchar1)	Ditto given a rex
var=	var.search(regex)	Ditto starting from first char.

String Conversion - Chainable. Non-Mutating

Usage	Function	Comment
var=	var.ucase()	To upper case "Γιάννης"_var.ucase(); // "ΓΙΆΝΝΗΣ"
var=	var.lcase()	Lower case "ΓΙΆΝΝΗΣ"_var.lcase(); // "γιάννης"
var=	var.tcase()	Title case (first letters) "γιάννης"_var.tcase(); // "Γιάννης"
var=	var.fcase()	Fold case (lower case and remove accents for indexing)
var=	var.normalize()	Normalise Unicode to NFC to eliminate different code combinations of the same character
var=	var.invert()	Simple reversible disguising of text "abc"_var.invert(); // "\x{C29EC29DC29C}"
var=	var.lower()	Convert all FM to VM, VM to SM etc. "a1^b2^c3"_var.lower(); // "a1]b2]c3"
var=	var.raise()	Convert all VM to FM, SM to VM etc. "a1]b2]c3"_var.raise(); // "a1^b2^c3"
var=	var.crop()	Remove any redundant FM, VM etc. characters (Trailing FM; VM before FM etc.) "a1^b2]]^c3^^"_var.crop(); // "a1^b2^c3"
var=	var.quote()	Wrap in double quotes "abc"_var.quote(); // ""abc""
var=	var.squote()	Wrap in single quotes "abc"_var.squote(); // "'abc'"
var=	var.unquote()	Remove one pair of double or single quotes "'abc'"_var.unquote(); // "abc"
var=	var.trim(trimchars = " ")	Remove leading, trailing and excessive inner bytes "␣␣a1␣␣b2␣c3␣␣"_var.trim(); // "a1␣b2␣c3"
var=	var.trimfirst(trimchars = " ")	Ditto leading "␣␣a1␣␣b2␣c3␣␣"_var.trimfirst(); // "a1␣␣b2␣c3␣␣"
var=	var.trimlast(trimchars = " ")	Ditto trailing "␣␣a1␣␣b2␣c3␣␣"_var.trimlast(); // "␣␣a1␣␣b2␣c3"
var=	var.trimboth(trimchars = " ")	Ditto leading, trailing but not inner "␣␣a1␣␣b2␣c3␣␣"_var.trimboth(); // "a1␣␣b2␣c3"
var=	var.first()	Extract first char or "" if empty "abc"_var.first(); // "a"
var=	var.last()	Extract last char or "" if empty "abc"_var.last(); // "c"
var=	var.first(std::size_t length)	Extract up to length leading chars "abc"_var.first(2); // "ab"
var=	var.last(std::size_t length)	Extract up to length trailing chars "abc"_var.last(2); // "bc"
var=	var.cut(length)	Remove length leading chars "abcd"_var.cut(2); // "cd"
var=	var.paste(pos1, length, insertstr)	Insert text at char position overwriting length chars "abcd"_var.paste(2, 2, "XYZ"); // "aXYZd"
var=	var.paste(pos1, insertstr)	Insert text at char position without overwriting any following characters "abcd"_var.paste(2, "XYZ"); // "aXYbcd"
var=	var.prefix(insertstr)	Insert text at the beginning "abc"_var.prefix("XY"); // "XYabc"
var=	var.pop()	Remove one trailing char "abc"_var.pop(); // "ab"
var=	var.fieldstore(separator, fieldno, nfields, replacement)	fieldstore() replaces nfields of subfield(s) in a string. "aa*bb*cc*dd"_var.fieldstore("*", 2, 3, "X*Y"); // "aa*X*Y*" If nfields is 0 then insert fields before fieldno "a1*b2*c3*d4"_var.fieldstore("*", 2, 0, "X*Y"); // "a1*X*Y*b2*c3*d4" If nfields is negative then delete nfields before inserting. "a1*b2*c3*d4"_var.fieldstore("*", 2, -3, "X*Y"); // "a1*X*Y"
var=	var.substr(startindex1, length)	substr version 1. Extract length chars starting at startindex1 "abcd"_var.substr(2, 2); // "bc" If length is negative then work backwards and return chars reversed "abcd"_var.substr(3, -2); // "cb"
var=	var.substr(startindex1)	substr version 2. Extract all chars from startindex1 up to the end "abcd"_var.substr(2); // "bcd"
var=	var.b(pos1, length)	Same as substr version 1.
var=	var.b(pos1)	Same as substr version 2.
var=	var.convert(fromchars, tochars)	Convert chars to other chars one for one or delete where tochars is shorter. "abcde"_var.convert("aZd", "XY"); // "Xbce" (a is replaced and d is removed)
var=	var.textconvert(fromchars, tochars)	Ditto for Unicode code points. "🤡😀✌"_var.textconvert("🤡😀", "👋"); // "👋✌ "
var=	var.replace(fromstr, tostr)	Replace all occurrences of a substr with another. Case sensitive "Abc Abc"_var.replace("bc", "X"); // "AX AX"
var=	var.replace(regex, tostr)	Replace substring(s) using a regular expression. Use $0, $1, $2 in tostr to refer to groups defined in the regex. "A a B b"_var.replace("[A-Z]"_rex, "'$0'"); // "'A' a 'B' b"
var=	var.unique()	Remove duplicate fields in an FM or VM etc. separated list "a1^b2^a1^c2"_var.unique(); // "a1^b2^c2"
var=	var.sort(sepchar = FM)	Reorder fields in an FM or VM etc. separated list in ascending order "20^10^2^1^1.1"_var.sort(); // "1^1.1^2^10^20" "b1^a1^c20^c10^c2^c1^b2"_var.sort(); // "a1^b1^b2^c1^c10^c2^c20"
var=	var.reverse(sepchar = FM)	Reorder fields in an FM or VM etc. separated list in descending order "20^10^2^1^1.1"_var.reverse(); // "1.1^1^2^10^20"
var=	var.shuffle(sepchar = FM)	Randomise the order of fields in an FM, VM separated list "20^10^2^1^1.1"_var.shuffle(); // "2^1^20^1.1^10" (random order depending on initrand())
var=	var.parse(char sepchar = ' ')	Replace separator characters with FM char except inside double or single quotes ignoring escaped quotes \\" \&squot; "abc,\"def,\"123\" fgh\",12.34"_var.parse(','); // "abc^"def,"123" fgh"^12.34"

String Mutators Not Chainable. All Similar To Non-Mutators

Usage	Function	Comment
cmd	var.ucaser()
cmd	var.lcaser()
cmd	var.tcaser()
cmd	var.fcaser()
cmd	var.normalizer()
cmd	var.inverter()
cmd	var.quoter()
cmd	var.squoter()
cmd	var.unquoter()
cmd	var.lowerer()
cmd	var.raiser()
cmd	var.cropper()
cmd	var.trimmer(trimchars = " ")
cmd	var.trimmerfirst(trimchars = " ")
cmd	var.trimmerlast(trimchars = " ")
cmd	var.trimmerboth(trimchars = " ")
cmd	var.firster()
cmd	var.laster()
cmd	var.firster(std::size_t length)
cmd	var.laster(std::size_t length)
cmd	var.cutter(length)
cmd	var.paster(pos1, length, insertstr)
cmd	var.paster(pos1, insertstr)
cmd	var.prefixer(insertstr)
cmd	var.popper()
cmd	var.fieldstorer(sepchar, fieldno, nfields, replacement)
cmd	var.substrer(pos1, length)
cmd	var.substrer(startindex1)
cmd	var.converter(fromchars, tochars)
cmd	var.textconverter(fromchars, tochars)
cmd	var.replacer(regex, tostr)
cmd	var.replacer(fromstr, tostr)
cmd	var.uniquer()
cmd	var.sorter(sepchar = FM)
cmd	var.reverser(sepchar = FM)
cmd	var.shuffler(sepchar = FM)
cmd	var.parser(char sepchar = ' ')

Other String Access

Usage	Function	Comment
var=	var.hash(std::uint64_t modulus = 0)	MurmurHash3 hashing. "abc"_var.hash(); // 6715211243465481821
var=	var.substr(pos1, delimiterchars, out endindex)	substr version 3. Extract substr starting from pos1 up to any one of some delimiter chars also returning the next pos1 after the delimiter found
var=	var.b(pos1, delimiterchars, out endindex)	Alias of substr version 3.
var=	var.substr2(io startstopindex, io delimiterno)	substr version 4. Returns the substr from a given index offset (0 based) up to the next RM/FM/VM/SM/TM/STM delimiter char. Also returns the next index/offset and the delimiter no. found 1-6 or 0 if not found.
var=	var.b2(io startstopindex, io delimiterno)	Alias of substr version 4
var=	var.field(strx, fieldnx = 1, nfieldsx = 1)	Extract one or more consecutive fields given a delimiter char or substr. "aa*bb*cc"_var.field("*", 2);m // "bb"
var=	var.field2(separator, fieldno, nfields = 1)	field2 is a version that treats fieldn -1 as the last field, -2 the penultimate field etc. - TODO Should probably make field() do this (since -1 is basically an erroneous call) and remove field2 Same as var.field() but negative fieldnos work backwards from the last field. `"aa*bb*cc"_var.field("*", -1); // "cc"

I/O Conversion

Usage	Function	Comment
var=	var.oconv(convstr)	Converts to output format var(30123).oconv("D/E"); // "21/06/2050"
var=	var.iconv(convstr)	Converts to input format "21 JUN 2050"_var.iconv("D/E"); // 30123
var=	var.format(fmt_str, Args&&... args)	Classic format function in printf style format("Text and aligned {:9.2f} number", var(123.456)); // "Text and aligned ␣␣␣123.46 number"
var=	var.from_codepage(codepage)	Converts from codepage encoded text to UTF-8 encoded text e.g. Codepage "CP1251" (Ukrainian). Use Linux command "iconv -l" for complete list of code pages and encodings.
var=	var.to_codepage(codepage)	Converts to codepage encoded text from UTF-8 encoded text

Basic Dynamic Array Functions

Usage	Function	Comment
var=	var.f(fieldno, valueno = 0, subvalueno = 0)	f() is a highly abbreviated alias for the PICK OS field/value/subvalue extract() function. The convenient PICK OS angle bracket symtax is not available in C++ and the extract function is very heavily in source code. "f" mentally stands for "field" although it can extract values and subvalues of specific fields as well. "f1^f2v1]f2v2]f2v3^f2"_var.f(2, 2); // "f2v2"
var=	var.extract(fieldno, valueno = 0, subvalueno = 0)	Extract a specific field, value or subvalue from a dynamic array. The alias "f" is usually used instead
var=	var.pickreplace(fieldno, valueno, subvalueno, replacement)	Same as var.r() function but returns a new string instead of updating a variable in place. Rarely used.
var=	var.pickreplace(fieldno, valueno, replacement)	Ditto for a specific multivalue
var=	var.pickreplace(fieldno, replacement)	Ditto for a specific field
var=	var.insert(fieldno, valueno, subvalueno, insertion)	Same as var.inserter() function but returns a new string instead of updating a variable in place.
var=	var.insert(fieldno, valueno, insertion)	Ditto for a specific multivalue
var=	var.insert(fieldno, insertion)	Ditto for a specific field
var=	var.remove(fieldno, valueno = 0, subvalueno = 0)	Same as var.remover() function but returns a new string instead of updating a variable in place. "remove" was called "delete" in Pick OS.

Dynamic Array Filters

Usage	Function	Comment
var=	var.sum()	Sum up multiple values into one higher level "1]2]3^4]5]6"_var.sum(); // "6^15"
var=	var.sumall()	Sum up all levels into a single figure "1]2]3^4]5]6"_var.sumall(); // "21"
var=	var.sum(sepchar)	Ditto allowing commas etc. "10,20,33"_var.sum(","); // "60"
var=	var.mv(opcode, var2)	Binary ops (+, -, *, /) in parallel on multiple values "10]20]30"_var.mv("+","2]3]4"); // "12]23]34"

Dynamic Array Mutators (Standalone And Cannot Be Chained)

Usage	Function	Comment
cmd	var.r(fieldno, replacement)	Replaces a specific field in a dynamic array var v1 = "f1^v1]v2}s2}s3^f3"_var; v1.r(2, 2, "X"); // v1 -> "f1^X^f3"
cmd	var.r(fieldno, valueno, replacement)	Ditto for specific value in a specific field. var v1 = "f1^v1]v2}s2}s3^f3"_var; v1.r(2, 2, "X"); // v1 -> "f1^v1]X^f3"
cmd	var.r(fieldno, valueno, subvalueno, replacement)	Ditto for a specific subvalue in a specific value of a specific field var v1 = "f1^v1]v2}s2}s3^f3"_var; v1.r(2, 2, 2, "X"); // v1 -> "f1^v1]v2}X}s3^f3"
cmd	var.inserter(fieldno, insertion)	Insert a specific field in a dynamic array, moving all other fields up. var v1 = "f1^v1]v2}s2}s3^f3"_var; v1.inserter(2, "X"); // v1 -> "f1^X^v1]v2}s2}s3^f3"
cmd	var.inserter(fieldno, valueno, insertion)	Ditto for a specific value in a specific field, moving all other fields up. var v1 = "f1^v1]v2}s2}s3^f3"_var; v1.inserter(2, 2, "X"); // v1 -> "f1^v1]X]v2}s2}s3^f3"
cmd	var.inserter(fieldno, valueno, subvalueno, insertion)	Ditto for a specific subvalue in a dynamic array, moving all other subvalues up. var v1 = "f1^v1]v2}s2}s3^f3"_var; v1.inserter(2, 2, 2, "X"); // v1 -> "f1^v1]v2}X}s2}s3^f3"
cmd	var.remover(fieldno, valueno = 0, subvalueno = 0)	Remove a specific field (or value, or subvalue) from a dynamic array, moving all other fields (or values, or subvalues) down. var v1 = "f1^v1]v2}s2}s3^f3"_var; v1.remover(2, 2); // v1 -> "f1^v1^f3"

Dynamic Array Search

Usage	Function	Comment
if	var.locate(target)	locate() with only the target argument provided searches values (separated by VM char). Returns true if found.
if	var.locate(target, out setting)	locate() with only the target and setting argument provided searches values and returns the value no in setting if found. Returns true if found.
if	var.locate(target, out setting, fieldno, valueno = 0)	locate() the target in fields if fieldno is 0, or values in a specified fieldno, or subvalues in a specified valueno. returning the field, value or subvalue number in setting. Returns true if found.
if	var.locateusing(usingchar, target, out setting, fieldno = 0, valueno = 0, subvalueno = 0)	locate() the target in a specific field, value or subvalue using a specified delimiter returning the delimited field number found in setting if found. Returns true if found.
if	var.locateusing(usingchar, target)	locate() in the whole string using a given delimiter char returning the delimited field no in setting if found. Returns true if found.
if	var.locateby(ordercode, target, out setting)	locateby() without fieldno or valueno arguments searches values. The order code can be AL, DL, AR, DR meaning Ascending Left, Descending Right, Ascending Right, Ascending Left. Left is used to indicate alphabetic order and Right is used to indicate numeric order. The data must be in the correct order for searching to work rationally. In case the target is not found then the correct value no for inserting the target is returned in setting. Returns true if found.
if	var.locateby(ordercode, target, out setting, fieldno, valueno = 0)	locateby() ordered as above but in fields if fieldno is 0, or values in a specific fieldno, or subvalues in a specific valueno. Returns true if found.
if	var.locatebyusing(ordercode, usingchar, target, out setting, fieldno = 0, valueno = 0, subvalueno = 0)	locatebyusing() supports all the above features in a single function. Returns true if found.

Database Access

Usage	Function	Comment
if	var.connect(conninfo = "")	for all db operations, var() can be a db connection or a default connection. var db="mydb"; if (not db.connect()) abort(db.lasterror()); db.version().outputl(); db.disconnect();
cmd	var.disconnect()
cmd	var.disconnectall()
if	var.attach(filenames)	Connect specific filenames on specific databases for the current default session
cmd	var.detach(filenames)
if	var.begintrans()
if	var.rollbacktrans()
if	var.committrans()
if	var.statustrans()
if	var.sqlexec(sqlcmd)
if	var.sqlexec(sqlcmd, io response)
var=	var.lasterror()
var=	var.loglasterror(source = "")

Database Management

Usage	Function	Comment
if	var.dbcreate(dbname)	Create a named database on a particular connection
var=	var.dblist()	Return a list of available databases on a particular connection
if	var.dbcopy(from_dbname, to_dbname)	Create a named database from an existing database
if	var.dbdelete(dbname)	Delete (drop) a named database
if	var.createfile(filename)	Create a named file
if	var.renamefile(filename, newfilename)	Rename a file
if	var.deletefile(filename)	Delete (drop) a file
if	var.clearfile(filename)	Delete all records in a file
var=	var.listfiles()	Return a list of all files in a database
if	var.createindex(fieldname, dictfile = "")
if	var.deleteindex(fieldname)
var=	var.listindex(filename = "", fieldname = "")
var=	var.version()
var=	var.reccount(filename = "")
var=	var.flushindex(filename = "")
if	var.open(dbfilename, connection = "")
cmd	var.close()
var=	var.lock(key)	Returns 1=ok, 0=failed, ""=already locked
if	var.unlock(key)
if	var.unlockall()
if	var.read(filehandle, key)	DB file i/o
cmd	var.write(filehandle, key)
if	var.deleterecord(key)
if	var.updaterecord(filehandle, key)
if	var.insertrecord(filehandle, key)
if	var.readf(filehandle, key, fieldno)	Specific db field i/o
cmd	var.writef(filehandle, key, fieldno)
if	var.readc(filehandle, key)	Cached db file i/o lives in exodus process memory not the database
cmd	var.writec(filehandle, key)
if	var.deletec(key)
cmd	var.cleardbcache()
var=	var.xlate(filename, fieldno, mode)

Database Sort/Select

Usage	Function	Comment
if	var.select(sortselectclause = "")
cmd	var.clearselect()
if	var.hasnext()
if	var.readnext(out key)
if	var.readnext(out key, out valueno)
if	var.readnext(out record, out key, out valueno)
if	var.savelist(listname)
if	var.getlist(listname)
if	var.makelist(listname, keys)
if	var.deletelist(listname)
if	var.formlist(keys, fieldno = 0)

OS Time/Date

Usage	Function	Comment
var=	var.date()	int days since pick epoch 1967-12-31
var=	var.time()	int seconds since last midnight
var=	var.ostime()
var=	var.timestamp()	floating point fractional days since pick epoch 1967-12-31 00:00:00
var=	var.timestamp(ostime)	construct a timestamp from a date and time
cmd	var.ossleep(milliseconds)
var=	var.oswait(milliseconds, directory)

OS Files

Usage	Function	Comment
if	var.osopen(filename, locale = "")
if	var.osbread(osfilevar, io offset, length)
if	var.osbwrite(osfilevar, io offset)
cmd	var.osclose()
if	var.osread(osfilename, codepage = "")
if	var.oswrite(osfilename, codepage = "")
if	var.osremove()
if	var.osrename(new_dirpath_or_filepath)
if	var.oscopy(to_osfilename)
if	var.osmove(to_osfilename)

OS Directories

Usage	Function	Comment
var=	var.oslist(globpattern = "", mode = 0)
var=	var.oslistf(globpattern = "")
var=	var.oslistd(globpattern = "")
var=	var.osinfo(mode)
var=	var.osfile()
var=	var.osdir()
var=	var.osinfo()
if	var.osmkdir()
if	var.osrmdir(evenifnotempty = false)
var=	var.oscwd()
if	var.oscwd(newpath)
cmd	var.osflush()

OS Shell/Environment

Usage	Function	Comment
if	var.osshell()	Execute a shell command and return true if the process terminates with error status 0 and false otherwise. let cmd = "ls -l xyz"; if (not cmd.osshell()) Alternative: if (not osshell("ls -l xyz"))
if	var.osshellread(oscmd)	Same as osshell but captures stdout var text; if (not text.osshellread("ls -l xyz")) Alternative: Capture stdout but ignore exit status let text2 = osshellread("ls -l xyz");
if	var.osshellwrite(oscmd)
var=	var.ostempdirpath()
var=	var.ostempfilename()
if	var.osgetenv(envcode)
cmd	var.ossetenv(envcode)
var=	var.ospid()
var=	var.ostid()

Output

Usage	Function	Comment
expr	var.output()	stdout no new line, buffered
expr	var.outputl()	stdout starts a new line, flushed
expr	var.outputt()	stdout adds a tab, buffered
expr	var.logput()	stdlog no new line, buffered
expr	var.logputl()	stdlog starts a new line, flushed
expr	var.errput()	stderr no new line, flushed
expr	var.errputl()	stderr starts a new line, flushed
expr	var.output(prefix)	stdout with a prefix, no new line, buffered
expr	var.outputl(prefix)	stdout with a prefix, starts a new line, flushed
expr	var.outputt(prefix)	stdout with a prefix, adds a tab, buffered
expr	var.logput(prefix)	stdlog with a prefix, no new line, buffered
expr	var.logputl(prefix)	stdlog with a prefix, starts a new line, flushed
expr	var.errput(prefix)	stderr with a prefix, no new line, flushed
expr	var.errputl(prefix)	stderr with a prefix, starts a new line, flushed
expr	var.put(std::ostream& ostream1)	Output to a given stream

Standard Input

Usage	Function	Comment
expr	var.input()	Wait for stdin until cr or eof
expr	var.input(prompt)	Ditto after outputting prompt to stdout
expr	var.inputn(nchars)	Wait for nbytes from stdin
if	var.isterminal()	true if terminal is available
if	var.hasinput(milliseconds = 0)	true if stdin bytes available within milliseconds
if	var.eof()	true if stdin is at end of file
if	var.echo(on_off)	Reflect all stdin to stdout if terminal available
cmd	var.breakon()	Allow interrupt Ctrl+C
cmd	var.breakoff()	Prevent interrupt Ctr+C